Passive And Causative

Will have given. Perfect ing form Having given. Present Perfect Continuous. Past Perfect Continuous. Transitive verbs have , fit be the right size , suit , resemble. By + agent. With + instrument material ingredient. They , he , someone somebody , people , one , etc. Who , whom. Hear , help , see. Has been cleaning. Had been cleaning. Will be cleaning. Make sb do sth Get sb to do sth. Behave , burn , cut , enjoy , hurt , introduce , kill , look at , teach. Enjoy yourself , behave yourself , help yourself. By himself on his own. Concentrate , feel , meet. Dress , wash.

Some transitive verbs (have, fit (be the right size), suit, resemble) cannot be changed into the passive.

She made him replace the book he’d lost. He was made to replace the book he’d lost.

Simple – have, Continuous – have been, Perfect – have had, Perfect Continuous – be having.

• in following expressions: enjoy yourself, behave yourself, help yourself.

• we don’t use reflexive pronouns with concentrate, feel, meet and relax.